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Characteristics of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder can appear in children before they are 7 years old. Typical characteristics include difficulty sitting still, problems paying attention and impulsivity. The cause is unknown although some researchers believe that people with AD/HD do not have enough neurotransmitters, chemicals that help the brain control behavior.

Based on these symptoms, three types of AD/HD have been found. The inattentive type includes those who can’t stay focused on a task. They have difficulty following instructions, finishing work, organizing tasks and have a habit of loosing things.

The hyperactive-impulsive child is one who seems to always be on the go. They are very impulsive and act before they think. These children have a hard time staying in their seat, playing quietly, and waiting their turn to talk.

Those with the combined type of AD/HD have problems paying attention, controlling their impulses and are hyperactive.

Tips for parents:

• Help build your child’s confidence. Praise them when they do something correctly, even if it is just staying seated for a short amount of time.

• Set clear expectations for your child. Let them know what they are expected to do and be clear about the repercussions are if they do not comply with the rules. Follow through with what you say. You can even set up a reward system. Every time your child does something right, they get to place a star on a chart. The frequency of the good behavior predicts the amount of stars the child needs to pick out a treat at the toy store.

• Talk to other parents who have children with AD/HD. This is a good source of emotional support.

• Eliminate distractions around the house when the child is completing a task. Keep the environment calm and quiet. Set a reasonable time for the child to stay in their seat and attend. The time can be increased as the child begins to improve their attendance.

• Give your child breaks. Tell them that in a set amount of time they get to go outside and run around or play. It is also helpful to set a timer so the child understands the end time.

• Check out this article for other great tips.

For more information, visit the Attention Deficit Disorder Association or Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Credit: National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities